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Past Participle (V3) The third form of a verb, used in passive voice constructions after the be-auxiliary. Regular verbs form the past participle by adding -ed (e.g., walk → walked). Irregular verbs have unpredictable V3 forms that must be memorised (e.g., write → written, break → broken, take → taken). Confusing V2 (past simple) with V3 (past participle) is one of the most frequent errors in competitive exam voice questions.
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